SAME DAY SHIPPING
— Order by 2pm EST.
Toggle Nav
Cart
Search
main product photo

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

Ask A Question

Description & Features

This custom 3.5 x 8 cylinder from Bailey Sales Corp Div Bailey Intl Corp stands out with a 3.50 inch bore and a 1.25 inch rod diameter. Engineered with a robust design it offers an 8.00 inch stroke suitable for various industrial applications.

The hydraulic cylinder features 1045 cast steel clevises and a 65-45-12 ductile iron cast head for enhanced durability. It operates at a maximum pressure of 2500 PSI ensuring reliable performance in demanding environments. The 1/2 NPT ports facilitate secure and efficient fluid transfer.

The ductile iron piston and induction-hardened chrome-plated rod provide resistance to corrosion. This product incorporates double-acting piston seals supported by special snap-in type wiper seals to prevent external contamination and moisture ingress. Molded ribs further stabilize these seals.

Dynamic and static pressure tests guarantee functional reliability while the lighter-weight cost-effective ductile iron castings add to its efficiency. Available in a standard red finish this cylinder meets rigorous specifications for industrial performance.

MPN: TR2.5-3508-ASAE

Supplier Part Number: TR2.5-3508-ASAE-S

Specifications

Bore
3.50
Brand
Bailey Sales Corp
Brand
Bailey
Pack Size
1.00
UOM
EA
Pin Diameter
1
Pin to Pin Extended
28.25
Pin to Pin Retracted
20.25
Ports
1/2 NPT
Ports
1/2 NPT
Pressure Rating
2500
Rated Load
24000
Rod Diameter
1.25
Stroke
8
Supplier Part Number
TR2.5-3508-ASAE-S
Alternate Part Numbers
Alternate Part Number 218303, Alternate Part Number 51125262, Alternate Part Number C1ND49, Alternate Part Number MI-08752845, Alternate Part Number MINO-13003X90031
Product Weight
35.00 lbs

Similar Products

Model Number Bore Stroke Rod Diameter Ports Pin to Pin Retracted Pin to Pin Extended Pin Diameter Pressure Rating Rated Load Price Action
Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 36.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

2036TX-BLACK Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

36

1.125

3/8 NPT

46.25

82.25

1

1090

3430

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 6.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

2506TX-BLACK Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

6

1.125

3/8 NPT

16.25

22.25

1

2500

12272

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 18.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

2518TX-90BLACK Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

18

1.25

3/8 NPT

28.25

46.25

1

2500

12272

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 18.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

3018TX-90BLACK Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

18

1.25

1/2 NPT

28.25

46.25

1

2340

16560

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 6.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2006 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

6

1.125

3/8 NPT

16.25

22.25

1

2500

7800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 16.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2016 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

16

1.125

3/8 NPT

26.25

42.25

1

2500

7800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 6.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2506 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

6

1.125

3/8 NPT

16.25

22.25

1

2500

12200

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 10.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2510 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

10

1.125

3/8 NPT

20.25

30.25

1

2500

12200

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 10.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4010 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

10

1.25

1/2 NPT

20.25

30.25

1

2000

25100

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

2508TX-BLACK Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

8

1.125

3/8 NPT

18.25

26.25

1

2500

12272

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 2.00 Inch Rod Diameter, 48.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

4048TX Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

48

2

1/2 NPT

58.25

106.25

1

1635

20560

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 4.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2004 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

4

1.125

3/8 NPT

14.25

18.25

1

2500

7800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2008-ASAE Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

8

1.125

3/8 NPT

20.25

28.25

1

2500

7800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 10.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2010 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

10

1.125

3/8 NPT

20.25

30.25

1

2500

7800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 12.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2012 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

12

1.125

3/8 NPT

22.25

34.25

1

2500

7800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 14.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2014 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

14

1.125

3/8 NPT

24.25

38.25

1

2500

7800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 18.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2018 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

18

1.125

3/8 NPT

28.25

46.25

1

2200

7000

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 20.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2020 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

20

1.125

3/8 NPT

30.25

50.25

1

1900

5900

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 24.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2024 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

24

1.125

3/8 NPT

34.25

58.25

1

1400

4400

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 30.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2030 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

30

1.125

3/8 NPT

40.25

70.25

1

950

3000

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.00 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 36.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2036 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2

36

1.125

3/8 NPT

46.25

82.25

1

700

2200

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 4.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2504 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

4

1.125

3/8 NPT

14.25

18.25

1

2500

12200

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2508 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

8

1.125

3/8 NPT

18.25

26.25

1

2500

12200

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2508-ASAE Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

8

1.125

3/8 NPT

20.25

28.25

1

2500

12200

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 12.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2512 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

12

1.125

3/8 NPT

22.25

34.25

1

2500

12200

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 14.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2514 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

14

1.125

3/8 NPT

24.25

38.25

1

2100

10300

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.13 Inch Rod Diameter, 16.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2516 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

16

1.125

3/8 NPT

26.25

42.25

1

1700

8400

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 18.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2518 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

18

1.25

3/8 NPT

28.25

46.25

1

2150

10700

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 20.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2520 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

20

1.25

3/8 NPT

30.25

50.25

1

1850

9100

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 24.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2524 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

24

1.25

3/8 NPT

34.25

58.25

1

1350

6700

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 30.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2530 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

30

1.25

3/8 NPT

40.25

70.25

1

900

4600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 36.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2536 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

36

1.25

3/8 NPT

46.25

82.25

1

650

3400

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 2.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 48.00 Inch Stroke, 3/8 NPT Ports

TR2.5-2548 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

2.5

48

1.25

3/8 NPT

58.25

106.25

1

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 2.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3002 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

2

1.25

1/2 NPT

12.25

14.25

1

2500

17600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 4.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3004 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

4

1.25

1/2 NPT

14.25

18.25

1

2500

17600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 6.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3006 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

6

1.25

1/2 NPT

16.25

22.25

1

2500

17600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3008 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

8

1.25

1/2 NPT

18.25

26.25

1

2500

17600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3008-ASAE Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

8

1.25

1/2 NPT

20.25

28.25

1

2500

17600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 10.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3010 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

10

1.25

1/2 NPT

20.25

30.25

1

2500

17600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 12.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3012 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

12

1.25

1/2 NPT

22.25

34.25

1

2500

17600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 14.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3014 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

14

1.25

1/2 NPT

24.25

38.25

1

2200

15700

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 16.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3016 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

16

1.25

1/2 NPT

26.25

42.25

1

1800

12800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.50 Inch Rod Diameter, 18.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3018 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

18

1.5

1/2 NPT

28.25

46.25

1

2500

17600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.50 Inch Rod Diameter, 20.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3020 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

20

1.5

1/2 NPT

30.25

50.25

1

2500

17600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.50 Inch Rod Diameter, 24.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3024 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

24

1.5

1/2 NPT

34.25

58.25

1

1950

14000

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.50 Inch Rod Diameter, 30.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3030 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

30

1.5

1/2 NPT

40.25

70.25

1

1350

9600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.00 Inch Bore, 1.50 Inch Rod Diameter, 36.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3036 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3

36

1.5

1/2 NPT

46.25

82.25

1

950

7000

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3508 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3.5

8

1.25

1/2 NPT

18.25

26.25

1

2500

24000

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3508-ASAE Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3.5

8

1.25

1/2 NPT

20.25

28.25

1

2500

24000

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 10.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3510 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3.5

10

1.25

1/2 NPT

20.25

30.25

1

2500

24000

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 12.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3512 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3.5

12

1.25

1/2 NPT

22.25

34.25

1

2000

19600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 14.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3514 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3.5

14

1.25

1/2 NPT

24.25

38.25

1

1600

15700

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 16.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3516 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3.5

16

1.25

1/2 NPT

26.25

42.25

1

1300

12800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.50 Inch Rod Diameter, 16.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3516-ASAE Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3.5

16

1.5

1/2 NPT

31.5

47.5

1.25

2150

21100

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 18.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3518 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3.5

18

1.25

1/2 NPT

28.25

46.25

1

1100

10700

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 20.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3520 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3.5

20

1.25

1/2 NPT

30.25

50.25

1

900

9100

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 3.50 Inch Bore, 1.50 Inch Rod Diameter, 24.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-3524 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

3.5

24

1.5

1/2 NPT

34.25

58.25

1

1450

14000

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4008 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

8

1.25

1/2 NPT

18.25

26.25

1

2000

25400

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 8.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4008-ASAE Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

8

1.25

1/2 NPT

20.25

28.25

1

1750

22200

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 12.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4012 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

12

1.25

1/2 NPT

22.25

34.25

1

1550

19600

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 14.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4014 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

14

1.25

1/2 NPT

24.25

38.25

1

1250

15700

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 1.25 Inch Rod Diameter, 16.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4016 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

16

1.25

1/2 NPT

26.25

42.25

1

1000

12800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 1.50 Inch Rod Diameter, 18.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4018 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

18

1.5

1/2 NPT

28.25

46.25

1

1750

22300

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 1.50 Inch Rod Diameter, 20.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4020 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

20

1.5

1/2 NPT

30.25

50.25

1

1500

18800

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 1.50 Inch Rod Diameter, 24.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4024 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

24

1.5

1/2 NPT

34.25

58.25

1

1100

14000

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 2.00 Inch Rod Diameter, 30.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4030 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

30

2

1/2 NPT

40.25

70.25

1

2400

30500

Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder, 4.00 Inch Bore, 2.00 Inch Rod Diameter, 36.00 Inch Stroke, 1/2 NPT Ports

TR2.5-4036 Tie Rod Hydraulic Cylinder

4

36

2

1/2 NPT

46.25

82.25

1

1750

22200

Product Questions & Answers (3)

Question by: Marvin H on Jul 18, 2025, 6:22 PM
Rod diameter on this one is 1.25 inch -- that work for a setup runnin double-acting seals, or do I need something beefier for that kind of load?
Answer by: Customer Support on Jul 20, 2025, 7:38 AM
At 1.25 inches, the rod pairs directly with double-acting piston seals, and that configuration is already built into this cylinder. It also includes a double lip U-cup seal on the rod side for single-acting capability if needed. The rated load comes in at 24,000 lbs with a 2,500 PSI max operating pressure, so for most double-acting applications in that range you're well covered without stepping up in size.
Question by: Tammy D on Sep 4, 2025, 1:53 PM
got a 1/2 npt hose setup already. are the ports on this cylinder 1/2 npt on both ends or just one?
Answer by: Customer Support on Sep 6, 2025, 12:30 PM
Porting is set up with 1/2 NPT ports. The blind end (base end) is double ported, and the rod end has a single port. Port orientation is inline with the pins unless noted otherwise.
Question by: Travis M on Mar 27, 2026, 2:13 PM
Reckon this cylinder could handle being outside in the weather, or is it more of an indoor kinda deal?
Answer by: Customer Support on Mar 29, 2026, 11:48 AM
Built to withstand demanding conditions, the cylinder features an induction-hardened, chrome-plated rod that exceeds 90 hours on ASTM B117-02 salt spray tests, minimizing corrosion.